Storage and Packaging of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Biopharmaceuticals containing Procipient®(Dimethyl Sulfoxide USP, PhEur)
The choice of an appropriate container when packaging pharmaceutical dosage forms is very important. You must first understand which materials are compatible with your application. Glass containers are the most common form of packaging for pharmaceuticals. These are intended for direct contact with pharmaceutical products. Commonly used glass is either composed of Borosilicate Glass or […]
Procipient as a Skin Penetration Enhancer
Mechanism of Action Overview: DMSO as a Skin Penetration Enhancer The Stratum Corneum (SC) provides a strong barrier to human skin and provides resistance against penetration and permeation of active ingredients and drugs. The “brick and mortar” model of skin dates to 1983. In this model, dead corneocytes act as “bricks” which are embedded in […]
Procipient in Parenteral Formulations
DMSO in parenteral formulations: a review of opportunities and challenges Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) possesses unique properties which have led to its adoption as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations and medical devices. DMSO is now incorporated into a number of regulated products for healthcare and drug delivery applications, including stabilizing product formulations, sustained-release applications, and for […]
In situ forming implant systems
In situ forming implant systems: Kinetics of implant formation and concomitant burst drug release An in situ forming implant system for the treatment of periodontal disease with chemotherapeutics was first patented by Dunn et al in 1990s1. The system comprised of a water insoluble biodegradable polymer, such as poly(DL-lactide), poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), which is dissolved in a water miscible […]
DMSO and Lidocaine solution
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic which provides loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function. It does so by binding to the sodium channel in the skin layer and reversibly blocking the nerve endings without causing any damage. It is usually delivered in mucosal, dermal, topical dosage forms. It may also be injected in proximity to […]
Novel polymers for DMSO-based In situ-forming implant systems
The solvent exchange-based in situ-forming implant system is comprised of a water-insoluble, biodegradable and/or non-biodegradable polymer as the matrix. Systems based on non-biodegradable polymers require an invasive surgical intervention to remove the implant from the site of injection. Hence, biodegradable polymers used in implant formationwhich degrades to form non-toxic by-products, have risen in popularity. The most popular […]
DMSO as the carbon source in transition-metal-free α-Csp3-H methylenation
The ability to make the C=C bond at a targeted position has always been of high interest to synthetic chemists. Recently, Guo et al. reported a method by which to activate a hydrogen at the alpha position of a ketone in order to make a new C=C bond at that position (Figure 1).1 Their […]
DMSO as the carbon source for sp3 C-H olefination
The examples of dimethyl sulfoxide acting as a one carbon source for methylenation reactions continue to grow. (See recent Synthesis Corner posts from January, 2018—“DMSO as the carbon source in transition-metal-free α-Csp3-H methenylation” and March, 2018—“DMSO as a one carbon source in the transition-metal-free synthesis of quinolones.”) Recently, Namitharan et al. reported on the synthesis […]
CuI/DMSO-mediated synthesis of 3-sulfonyl dihydrofurans
Five-membered rings containing oxygen are common and recurring motifs in biologically-active compounds. Therefore, the development of routes to synthesize these ring systems is of great interest. Recently, Chang et al. developed a one-pot (3 + 2) annulation method to synthesize 3-sulfonyl dihydrofurans (Equation 1).1 This method uses readily-available and relatively inexpensive CuI and DMSO to give […]
Visible Light Promoted Synthesis of Indoles in DMSO
The indole ring is widely found in pharmaceutical compounds, agrochemicals, and natural products. Therefore, methods to produce this heterocycle are important. Traditional methods to synthesize the indole ring often suffer from the requirement of exotic starting materials, from poor functional group tolerance, and from the generation of significant amounts of undesirable byproducts. Therefore, greener, more […]